This article reviews different approaches to improving liquid hydrogen (H2) liquefaction methods, focusing on addressing challenges such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, and high expenses. The review discusses various techniques, including absorption cooling cycles, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas/liquid air cold energy recovery, and optimization algorithms, along with their economic, safety, and environmental aspects. Cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates, higher efficiency, lower energy consumption, and lower investment costs, and utilizing low-temperature waste heat and renewable energy sources can significantly enhance the efficiency of the liquefaction process.
Bahram Ghorbani, Sohrab Zendehboudi*, Noori M. Cata Saady, Xili Duan, and Talib M. Albayati, Memorial University, Canada
ACS Omega 2023, 8, 21, 18358–18399