The year 2023 marks two important milestones in the field of nucleic acids research. It marks both the 101st anniversary of the birth of Har Gobind Khorana and the 70th year of the publication of the double-helical structure of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid by James Watson and Francis Crick.
The elucidation of the double-helical structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, along with the key contribution by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, is widely regarded as one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century. For this, Watson, Crick and Wilkins shared Nobel Prize in 1962. This discovery revolutionized the field of biology by revealing how genetic information is stored, replicated, and transmitted from generation to generation, and laying the foundation for the development of modern genetics and biotechnology.
Har Gobind Khorana shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for his research on the genetic code and its interpretation by cells. In subsequent years, he developed his understanding even further by deciphering the genetic code by synthesizing RNA fragments of a known sequence and determining the corresponding amino acid sequence of the protein they encoded. Khorana's pioneering work on the genetic code and its deciphering laid the foundation for the development of modern biotechnology and genetic engineering, and his contributions have had a profound impact on our understanding of the fundamental principles of life.